Exception Handling in Python
SCERT/NCERTSyntax errors and exceptions, built-in exceptions, raise and assert, try–except–else–finally.
File Handling in Python
SCERT/NCERTText and binary files, open/close, file modes, read/readline/readlines, write/writelines, seek and tell, pickle (dump, load).
Stack
SCERT/NCERTLIFO, PUSH and POP, implementation with a list, string reversal, parenthesis matching, infix–postfix conversion and postfix evaluation.
Queue
SCERT/NCERTFIFO, enqueue and dequeue, implementation with a list, deque (double-ended queue).
Sorting
SCERT/NCERTBubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort and their time complexity.
Searching
SCERT/NCERTLinear search, binary search, hashing (hash functions, collisions).
Understanding Data
SCERT/NCERTCollecting, storing and processing data; mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation.
Database Concepts
SCERT/NCERTFile system vs DBMS, relational model, relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality; candidate, primary, alternate and foreign keys.
Structured Query Language (SQL)
SCERT/NCERTDDL and DML, data types, constraints, CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, ALTER, DROP, SELECT with WHERE/IN/BETWEEN/LIKE/ORDER BY/NULL, aggregate functions, GROUP BY, HAVING, joins, Python–MySQL connectivity.
Computer Networks
SCERT/NCERTEvolution of networking, PAN/LAN/MAN/WAN, network devices (modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway), topologies, IP and MAC address, Internet, web, DNS, URL.
Data Communication
SCERT/NCERTComponents, bandwidth and data rate, wired and wireless media, mobile generations (1G–5G), protocols (HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, Telnet, VoIP).
Security Aspects
SCERT/NCERTMalware (virus, worm, ransomware, Trojan, spyware, adware, keylogger), antivirus, spam, HTTP vs HTTPS, firewall, cookies, hackers and crackers, DoS, intrusion, snooping, eavesdropping.